Blood Glucose Levels: What's Normal?

Blood glucose, commonly known as "blood sugar," is a key indicator of our health, especially in relation to metabolism and endocrine function. Maintaining glucose levels within a normal range is crucial to avoid complications such as diabetes or metabolic problems. However, glucose values ​​can vary depending on factors such as age, time of day, or the type of test performed. Below, we explain what normal values ​​are and how you can measure them.

What are normal blood glucose values?

Normal blood glucose levels vary depending on multiple factors, such as whether you've eaten recently or performed a fasting test. Age also influences what's considered a healthy range. It's important to understand that levels can fluctuate throughout the day and depending on your health status, making ongoing monitoring essential, especially if you're at risk for diabetes or glucose-related problems.

1. Fasting values

Fasting glucose refers to the blood sugar level after going without food for at least 8 hours. Normally, fasting glucose levels should be between 70 and 100 mg/dL. If levels are above 100 mg/dL, it could be a sign of prediabetes, and if they are above 126 mg/dL, it is an indication of diabetes.

2. Postprandial values

Postprandial glucose levels are measured two hours after eating. In people without glucose problems, levels should be below 140 mg/dL. If values ​​are between 140 and 199 mg/dL, it could be a sign of glucose intolerance, while values ​​above 200 mg/dL indicate diabetes.

3. Glucose values ​​according to age

Normal glucose levels by age can also vary. In young adults and middle-aged people, the values ​​are usually stricter, with limits similar to those mentioned above. In people over 65, the ranges may be slightly higher, as metabolism changes with age. It is recommended to maintain fasting glucose below 110 mg/dL and postprandial glucose below 180 mg/dL in older people.

How to measure blood glucose levels?

Measuring blood glucose levels is essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes, as well as for assessing the risk of other metabolic diseases. There are several tests that help measure and monitor these levels, each with a specific purpose.

Most common tests to measure glucose

• Fasting glucose test : This test measures the amount of glucose in your blood after a fasting period of at least 8 hours. It's the most common and simplest way to determine if your glucose levels are within a healthy range.
• Hemoglobin A1C test : The hemoglobin A1C test measures your average blood glucose levels over the past three months. A result below 5.7% is considered normal. A result between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates prediabetes, while a result above 6.5% is a sign of diabetes.
• Postprandial glucose testing : This test measures blood glucose two hours after a meal. It is useful for diagnosing blood sugar regulation problems, especially in people who may have normal fasting levels but difficulty processing glucose after eating.

Interpretation of results

Correctly interpreting blood glucose test results is essential to identify any irregularities. If your fasting glucose levels are above 100 mg/dL, or if your postprandial levels are above 140 mg/dL, it's advisable to consult a doctor for a more complete diagnosis. It's also important to pay attention to the results of the hemoglobin A1C test, which provides a long-term view of your body's glucose control.

What to do if glucose levels are outside the normal range?

When glucose levels are not within normal limits, it may be a sign of a metabolic problem or diabetes. It's essential to act quickly to avoid complications.

1. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels drop below 70 mg/dL. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, sweating, weakness, and even loss of consciousness in severe cases. To correct hypoglycemia, it's important to consume foods or beverages containing rapidly absorbed sugar, such as juice or candy.

2. Hyperglycemia (high sugar levels)

Hyperglycemia , on the other hand, occurs when blood glucose levels are too high, usually above 180 mg/dL fasting or 200 mg/dL after eating. This excess blood sugar can cause complications if not properly controlled, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs. It's important to follow appropriate medical treatment to reduce these levels.

Tips for maintaining healthy glucose levels

Keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range is crucial to preventing long-term health problems. Here are some helpful tips:

Changes in diet

A balanced diet low in refined carbohydrates is essential for controlling blood glucose levels . Choose whole grain foods, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Limit added sugars and fast-absorbing carbohydrates, which can raise blood glucose levels.

Importance of physical exercise

Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and helps maintain stable blood glucose levels . Activities such as walking, swimming, and strength training are very beneficial for improving glycemic control.

Supplementation

There are several supplements that can help keep glucose under control, such as berberine, r-glucose, and magnesium bisglycinate from Longevitas. These supplements help improve insulin sensitivity and can be a useful addition to your treatment, although they should always be taken under medical supervision.