Blood Glucose Levels: What's Normal?

Blood glucose, commonly known as "blood sugar," is a key indicator of our health, especially in relation to metabolism and endocrine function. Maintaining glucose levels within a normal range is crucial to avoid complications such as diabetes or metabolic problems. However, glucose values ​​can vary depending on factors such as age, time of day, or the type of test performed. Below, we explain what normal values ​​are and how you can measure them.

What are normal blood glucose levels?

Normal blood glucose levels vary depending on several factors, such as whether you've recently eaten or if you're fasting. Age also plays a role in what's considered a healthy range. It's important to understand that levels can fluctuate throughout the day and depending on your health, making regular monitoring essential, especially if you're at risk for diabetes or glucose-related problems.

1. Fasting values

Fasting glucose refers to the blood sugar level after not eating for at least 8 hours. Under normal conditions, fasting glucose levels should be between 70 and 100 mg/dL. Levels above 100 mg/dL could be a sign of prediabetes, and levels above 126 mg/dL are indicative of diabetes.

2. Values ​​after eating (postprandial)

Postprandial glucose levels are measured two hours after eating. In people without glucose problems, levels should be below 140 mg/dL. Values ​​between 140 and 199 mg/dL could be a sign of glucose intolerance, while values ​​above 200 mg/dL are indicative of diabetes.

3. Glucose values ​​according to age

Normal glucose levels can also vary by age . In young and middle-aged adults, the ranges are generally stricter, with limits similar to those mentioned above. In people over 65, the ranges may be slightly higher, as metabolism changes with age. It is recommended to keep fasting glucose below 110 mg/dL and postprandial glucose below 180 mg/dL in older adults.

How to measure blood glucose levels?

Measuring blood glucose levels is essential for diagnosing and managing diabetes, as well as for assessing the risk of other metabolic diseases. Several tests are available to measure and monitor these levels, each with a specific purpose.

Most common tests to measure glucose

• Fasting glucose test : This test measures the amount of glucose in the blood after a fasting period of at least 8 hours. It is the most common and simplest way to determine if glucose levels are within a healthy range.
• Hemoglobin A1C test : The hemoglobin A1C test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past three months. A result below 5.7% is considered normal. Between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates prediabetes, while a value above 6.5% is a sign of diabetes.
• Postprandial glucose testing : This test measures blood glucose two hours after a meal. It is useful for diagnosing problems with blood sugar regulation, especially in people who may have normal fasting levels but difficulty processing glucose after eating.

Interpretation of results

It is essential to correctly interpret blood glucose test results to identify any irregularities. If your fasting glucose levels are above 100 mg/dL, or if your postprandial levels are above 140 mg/dL, it is advisable to consult a doctor for a more comprehensive diagnosis. It is also important to pay attention to the results of the hemoglobin A1C test, which provides a long-term view of glucose control in the body.

What to do if glucose levels are outside the normal range?

When glucose levels are outside the normal range, it can be a sign of a metabolic problem or diabetes. It is essential to act quickly to avoid complications.

1. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels)

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels fall below 70 mg/dL. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, sweating, weakness, and even loss of consciousness in severe cases. To correct hypoglycemia, it is necessary to consume foods or drinks containing rapidly absorbed sugar, such as juice or candy.

2. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels)

Hyperglycemia , on the other hand, occurs when blood glucose levels are too high, generally above 180 mg/dL when fasting or 200 mg/dL after eating. This excess blood sugar can cause complications if not properly managed, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs. It is important to follow appropriate medical treatment to lower these levels.

Tips for maintaining healthy glucose levels

Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial for preventing long-term health problems. Here are some helpful tips:

Changes in diet

A balanced diet low in refined carbohydrates is essential for controlling blood glucose levels . Opt for whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Limit your intake of added sugars and rapidly absorbed carbohydrates, which can raise glucose levels.

Importance of physical exercise

Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and helps maintain stable blood glucose levels . Activities such as walking, swimming, or strength training are very beneficial for improving glycemic control.

Supplementation

There are several supplements that can help keep glucose levels under control, such as Berberine , R-glucose , and Longevitas Magnesium Bisglycinate . These supplements help improve insulin sensitivity and can be a useful addition to your treatment, although they should always be taken under medical supervision.